Wilton, John, unpublished memoir, ‘Qatar and Sharjah, 1949–1952’, Special Collections, University of Exeter Library, Exeter. [166], In June 2017, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, Egypt and Yemen broke diplomatic ties with Qatar, accusing Qatar of supporting terrorism,[167] escalating a dispute over Qatar's support of the Muslim Brotherhood, considered a terrorist organization by those five Arab nations. Qatar commissioned international law firm DLA Piper to produce a report investigating the immigrant labour system. [52], Qatar was described as a famous horse and camel breeding centre during the Umayyad period. [283] For the first time in the country's history, the Qatar national football team won the AFC Asian Cup in the 2019 edition hosted in the UAE, beating Japan 3–1 in the final. [97], In June 2013, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani became the Emir of Qatar after his father handed over power in a televised speech. As a country in West Asia, Qatar is one of seven nations that comprise the Arabian Peninsula. The Gulf of Bahrain is to the west of Qatar as well. [189] Qatar also does not maintain wage standards for its immigrant labourers. The National Vision pledges to develop sustainable alternatives to oil-based energy to preserve the local and global environment. Qatar's military participated in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis. [168] Saudi Arabia explained the move to be a necessary measure in protecting the kingdom's security. [314], This article is about the country. [233] On the northern coast, Ras Laffan Port serves as the most extensive LNG exporting facility in the world. [220] Qatar is the leading exporter of liquefied natural gas. Further phases of North Field gas development costing billions of dollars are in various stages of planning and development. These revenues were used to fund the expansion and modernisation of Qatar's infrastructure. [12], Human habitation of Qatar dates back to 50,000 years ago. The Ottomans and Egyptians assaulted the western front, while the Al Khalifa in Bahrain and the Omanis launched an attack against the eastern front. OPEC quotas on crude oil production, the lower price for oil, and the generally unpromising outlook on international markets reduced oil earnings. Qatar is located in the continent of Asia. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}25°30′N 51°15′E / 25.500°N 51.250°E / 25.500; 51.250. The contingent of expatriates which are not of South Asian origin represent around 28% of Qatar's population, of which the largest group is 260,000 Filipinos and 200,000 Egyptians, plus many other nationalities (including nationals of other Arab countries, Europeans, etc.).[19]. New Qatar National Museum…a journey in a world of fantasy! Doha. Since 2008, Christians have been allowed to build churches on ground donated by the government,[251] though foreign missionary activity is officially discouraged. The joint incursion, in addition to the Qatari counter-attack, prompted British Political Resident, Colonel Lewis Pelly to impose a settlement in 1868. After they withdrew to Al Bidda fortress, Jassim's advancing column besieged the fortress, resulting in the Ottomans' concession of defeat and agreement to relinquish their captives in return for the safe passage of Mehmed Pasha's cavalry to Hofuf by land. [52] Archaeological remains from the 9th century suggest that Qatar's inhabitants used greater wealth to construct higher quality homes and public buildings. [272] TV broadcasting in Qatar was started in 1970. Poetry later fell out of favor after Qatar began reaping the profits from oil exports in the mid-20th century and many Qataris abandoned their Bedouin traditions in favor of more urban lifestyles. Luxembourg came a distant second with nearly $80,000 and Singapore third with per capita income of about $61,000. [229][230], As of 2012[update], Qatar has proven oil reserves of 15 billion barrels and gas fields that account for more than 13% of the global resource. Qatar’s GPS Coordinates The GPS coordinates of Qatar are a latitude of 25.3548° N and a longitude of 51.1839° E. Located in the Middle East, Qatar is situated in the northern hemisphere as well as the eastern hemisphere. Description: This map shows where Qatar is located on the World map. [165] Qatar donated £88.5million in funds to finance recovery and reconstruction in Darfur. With 2,716,008 people living in a country of 6,835 square miles, the population density is 397.36, meaning that there are just about 398 people per square mile in Qatar. [302] Citizens are required to attend government-provided education from kindergarten through high school. In 2015, Al Jazeera America reported: "Numerous reports suggest that the Saudi-led coalition against opposition groups in Yemen has indiscriminately attacked civilians and used cluster bombs in civilian-populated areas, in violation of international law. [278] There are also newspapers from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka with editions printed from Qatar. Education City is also home to a fully accredited international Baccalaureate school, Qatar Academy. [309], In 2008, Qatar established the Qatar Science & Technology Park in Education City to link those universities with industry. It is part of the Arabian Peninsula. [95] It is also currently a major funder of weapons for rebel groups in the Syrian civil war. [298] The Emir announced Qatar's plans to hold its first national legislative elections in 2013. [280], Association football is the most popular sport in Qatar, both in terms of players and spectators. It’s perfect for either a couple hours’ escape from your transit or casual browsing, dining or people watching. [2] In 2003, Qatar adopted a constitution that provided for the direct election of 30 of the 45 members of the Legislative Council. [89], Judicial corporal punishment is common in Qatar due to the Wahhabi interpretation of Sharia Law, although in Qatar it had originally been a Hanbali school of mainstream Sunnism. [63] Having retained a negligible military presence in the area, the Ottomans were expelled by the Bani Khalid tribe in 1670. [241] The influx of male labourers has skewed the gender balance, and women are now just one-quarter of the population. [80][82] On 5 May 1935, while agreeing an oil concession with the British oil company, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Abdullah signed another treaty with the British government which granted Qatar protection against internal and external threats. [156] None of its 2 million residents live below the poverty line and less than 1% are unemployed.[231]. [289], The Guardian, a British national daily newspaper, produced a short documentary named "Abuse and exploitation of migrant workers preparing emirate for 2022". [272], In 2014, a Cybercrime Prevention Law was passed. The country's native population is relatively small. Qatar is located on a small peninsula extending into the Persian Gulf and connected to the Arabian Peninsula to the south, where it has a land border with Saudi Arabia . [297], The Qatar Army Skydiving Team has several different skydiving disciplines placing among the top nations in the world. [47][48] During the latter part of the Christian era, Qatar comprised a region known as 'Beth Qatraye' (Syriac for "house of the Qataris"). [140][141] It also hosts the Al Udeid Air Base, a joint U.S.-British base, which acts as the hub for all American and British air operations in the Persian Gulf. [206] It has subsequently produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which was received by the convention on 18 May 2005. [190], In May 2012, Qatari officials declared their intention to allow the establishment of an independent trade union. [2][106][107] The constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour.[25][26]. In 1867, the Al Khalifa, along with the ruler of Abu Dhabi, sent a massive naval force to Al Wakrah in an effort to crush the Qatari rebels. Shopping abounds in the city's plentiful malls, while the Corniche impresses visitors with picturesque architecture and dazzling views of the harbor. Address: Souq Waqif, Al Jasra, Doha, Qatar. In turn, the Qatari government's spending plans had to be cut to match lower income. To control the influx of expatriate workers, Qatar has tightened the administration of its foreign manpower programmes over the past several years. English is commonly used as a second language,[256] and a rising lingua franca, especially in commerce, to the extent that steps are being taken to try to preserve Arabic from English's encroachment. Qatar can be considered to be located on the Arabian Peninsula. Now, the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens. President Mohamed Morsi via diplomatic support and the state-owned Al Jazeera network until he was overthrown by a military coup d'état in July 2013 following mass protests against his rule. The country Qatar is located on the continent of Asia. Ranked by population, Qatar is the 148th largest country of the 195 countries in total. The focus of British interests in Qatar changed after the Second World War with the independence of India, the creation of Pakistan in 1947 and the development of oil in Qatar. [117] Article 88 of Qatar's criminal code declares that the penalty for adultery is 100 lashes,[118] and in 2006, a Filipino woman was sentenced that punishment. The crime? Qatar (/ˈkætɑːr/,[10] /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ (listen), /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ (listen);[11] Arabic: قطر Qaṭar [ˈqatˤar]; local vernacular pronunciation: [ˈɡɪtˤɑr]),[12][13] officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: دولة قطر Dawlat Qaṭar), is a country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. This was done in order to facilitate peace negotiations and with the support of other countries including the United States and Afghanistan. [129][130] In December 2011, however, Pearl restaurants were told to stop selling alcohol. Oil production will not remain at the peak level of 500,000 barrels (80,000 m³) per day for long as the national oil fields are projected to be largely depleted by 2023. Al Da'asa, a settlement located on the western coast of Qatar, is the most important Ubaid site in the country and is believed to have accommodated a small seasonal encampment. [33][34] The map also referenced a town named "Cadara" to the east of the peninsula. [306] The Council directs and controls education for all ages from the pre-school level through the university level, including the "Education for a New Era" initiative which was established to try to position Qatar as a leader in education reform. Ally. In July 2019, Amman appointed a new ambassador to Qatar, who had been withdrawn in 2017 in support of the Gulf-Arab allies. Located On The World Map – Qatar is located in the Middle East region, on the shore of the Persian Gulf. Qatar is mentioned in 13th-century Muslim scholar Yaqut al-Hamawi's book, Mu'jam Al-Buldan, which alludes to the Qataris' fine striped woven cloaks and their skills in improvement and finishing of spears. However, the construction work in country was expected to only take the available 37,000 hotel rooms to 70,000 by the end of 2021. [221] The country was a member state of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), having joined in 1961, and having left in January 2019. [210] Qataris are also some of the highest consumers of water per capita per day, using around 400 litres. Construction of the port began in 2010; it became operational in December 2016. [117] Only Muslims considered medically fit are liable to have such sentences carried out. In terms of percentages, Qatar is 99.2% land and 0.8% water. Qatar's first demographic records date back to 1892, and were conducted by Ottoman governors in the region. [79], By the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913, the Ottomans agreed to renounce their claim to Qatar and withdraw their garrison from Doha. Human habitation of Qatar dates back to 50,000 years ago. ", 'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. [212] Qatar pursues a vigorous programme of "Qatarisation", under which all joint venture industries and government departments strive to move Qatari nationals into positions of greater authority. European football associations have also objected to the 2022 World Cup being held in Qatar for a variety of reasons, from the impact of warm temperatures on players' fitness, to the disruption it might cause in European domestic league calendars should the event be rescheduled to take place during winter. Notable among these include the Darfur Agreement. [191] Qatar also announced it would scrap its sponsor system for foreign labour, which requires that all foreign workers be sponsored by local employers. [104][105] The Al Thani dynasty has been ruling Qatar since the family house was established in 1825. [193], In October 2015 Qatar's Emir signed into law new reforms to the country's sponsorship system, with the new law taking effect within one year. In early 2017, Qatar's total population was 2.6 million: 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates. Qatar is a country with a small population which is located in the continent/region of Asia. Apart from the capital city Doha, most other towns are oil-company compounds. Notable achievements included the restoration of security and stability, progress made in construction and reconstruction processes, return of displaced residents and uniting of Darfur people to face challenges and push forward the peace process. [64], In 1766, members of the Al Khalifa family of the Utub tribal confederation migrated from Kuwait to Zubarah in Qatar. In the southern parts of Qatar, the average altitude is 328 feet above sea level, while the northernmost cities in Qatar are closer to an average of 164 feet above sea level. The Souq is within walking distance from Doha Corniche. Other for-profit universities have also established campuses in the city. In 1971, Qatar received sovereignty, coming out … In addition to censuring Bahrain for its breach of agreement, Pelly negotiated with Qatari sheikhs, who were represented by Mohammed bin Thani. [149], In recent years, Qatar has been using Islamist militants in a number of countries including Egypt, Syria, Libya, Somalia and Mali to further its foreign policy. [65], Following his swearing in as crown prince of the Wahhabi in 1788, Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz moved to expand Wahhabi territory eastward towards the Persian Gulf and Qatar. [106][197] These elections—the first-ever in Qatar—were deliberately held on 8 March 1999, International Women's Day. Doha, city, capital of Qatar, located on the east coast of the Qatar Peninsula in the Persian Gulf. The economy was boosted in 1991 by completion of the $1.5-billion Phase I of North Field gas development. [303] Qatar University, founded in 1973, is the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. Hamad Port is Qatar's main seaport, located south of Doha in the Umm Al Houl area. [187] In Qatar, homosexual acts are illegal and can be punished by death. The resulting recessionary local business climate caused many firms to lay off expatriate staff. Qatar, independent emirate on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. [248] In 2010, Qatar's population was 67.7% Muslim, 13.8% Christian, 13.8% Hindu, and 3.1% Buddhist; other religions and religiously unaffiliated people accounted for the remaining 1.6%. [217][218] Qatar has been criticized by the International Trade Union Confederation. [147] Megapolis Entertainment Center is a state-of-the-art indoor family entertainment destination located in the Pearl Qatar’s Medina Centrale. [170][171][172][173], Two years after the diplomatic crisis, Jordan took a step towards restoring its relations with Qatar. Map; Longitude & Latitude After epic collapse, French player rips virus protocols. Description: This map shows where Qatar is located on the Asia map. Al-Bairaq was launched in 2010 aims to provide high school students with an opportunity to experience a research environment in the Center for Advanced Materials in Qatar University. [155] [184] Many migrant workers arriving for work in Qatar have paid exorbitant fees to recruiters in their home countries. Islamic polygyny is permitted. [276] The Gulf Center for Human Rights has stated that the law is a threat to freedom of speech and has called for certain articles of the law to be revoked.[277]. According to the study published by the Washington-based Institute of International Finance, Qatar's per capita GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) was $106,000 (QR387,000) in 2012, helping the country retain its ranking as the world's wealthiest nation. [22] Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development, having the third-highest HDI in the Arab world after United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Qatar National Day, hosted annually on 18 December, has had an important role in developing a sense of national identity. This positioning tells us that Qatar is located above the equator. In addition, the Ottomans supported the Ottoman subject Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab who attempted to supplant Al Thani as kaymakam of Qatar in 1888. Qatari Sign Language is the language of the deaf community. The Jebel Dukhan area also contains Qatar's main onshore oil deposits, while the natural gas fields lie offshore, to the northwest of the peninsula. In 1996, the Qatargas project began exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) to Japan. [201], For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015[update]),[202] which are in turn subdivided into blocks.[203]. On 3 November 1916, the sheikh of Qatar entered into treaty relations with the United Kingdom. [50], In 628, Muhammad sent a Muslim envoy to a ruler in Eastern Arabia named Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi and requested that he and his subjects accept Islam. Some of the more common labour rights violations include beatings, withholding of payment, charging workers for benefits for which the employer is responsible, restrictions on freedom of movement (such as the confiscation of passports, travel documents, or exit permits), arbitrary detention, threats of legal action, and sexual assault. [292] The Qatar 2022 organising committee have responded to various allegations by claiming that hosting the World Cup in Qatar would act as a "catalyst for change" in the region. [38] Settlements and tools dating back to the Stone Age have been unearthed in the peninsula. [144] The cable suggested that Qatar's security service was "hesitant to act against known terrorists out of concern for appearing to be aligned with the U.S. and provoking reprisals". The Gulf of Bahrain, an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain. [126][127] Blasphemy can result in up to seven years in prison, while proselytising can incur a 10-year sentence. In 1825, the House of Thani was established with Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani as the first leader. In 1949, the appointment of the first British political officer in Doha, John Wilton, signifed a strengthening of Anglo-Qatari relations. In April 2013, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for alcohol consumption,[121][122][123] and in June 2014, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for consuming alcohol and driving under the influence. In some cases, Sharia-based family courts treat a female's testimony as being worth half that of a man. [5] In January 2013, the Qatar Statistics Authority estimated the country's population at 1,903,447, of which 1,405,164 were males and 498,283 females. [119] In 2011, at least 21 people (mostly foreign nationals) were sentenced to between 30 and 100 lashes for the same reasons,[120] and in 2012, six expatriates were sentenced to either 40 or 100 lashes. Qatar is located in the Middle East. [274] Criticism of the government, Emir and ruling family in the media is illegal. Qatar was an early member of OPEC and a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It lies between latitudes 24° and 27° N, and longitudes 50° and 52° E. Most of the country consists of a low, barren plain, covered with sand. [286][287] In May 2014, Qatari football official Mohammed bin Hammam was accused of making payments totalling £3m to officials in return for their support for the Qatar bid. [280] Other percussion instruments used in folk music include galahs (a tall clay jar) and tin drinking cups known as tus or tasat, usually used in conjunction with a tabl, a longitudinal drum beaten with a stick. They were scheduled to be held in the second half of 2013, but were postponed in June 2013 and may be delayed until 2019. [86] This was done under an agreement reached between the Ruler of Qatar and the Government of the United Kingdom. Its population stood at 1.8 million in 2012. Portugal went on to seize a significant portion of Eastern Arabia in 1521. [215], As of 2016[update], Qatar has the fourth highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the International Monetary Fund. Like most things, it is found in the capital, Doha, and has an observation deck on the 62nd storey. [70], Although Qatar was considered a dependency of Bahrain, the Al Khalifa faced opposition from the local tribes. Settlements and tools dating back to the Stone Age have been unearthed in the peninsula. [285] Local organisers are planning to build 9 new stadiums and expand 3 existing stadiums for this event. It was officially opened in September 2017, and is expected to become fully operational by 2020. ", "Qatar, China enjoy strong ties based on respect", "Commentary: Isolated Qatar pivots towards China, as its ties with Gulf states wane", "Qatar relies on US base amid Gulf tensions", "For Qatar, relations with West are a balancing act", "Taking Outsize Role in Syria, Qatar Funnels Arms to Rebels", "Qatar and Saudi Arabia sign defense agreement", "Qatar recognizes Libyan rebels after oil deal", "Qatar's Support of Islamists Alienates Allies Near and Far", "GCC's 2014 Crisis: Causes, Issues and Solutions", "CIA and Saudi weapons for Syrian rebels fueled black market arms trafficking, report says", 'Army of Conquest' rebel alliance pressures Syria regime, "Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria", "Egypt's Mohammed Morsi: A turbulent presidency cut short. The current peninsula used to be a real island, as the Sabkhas prove. [226][227], The country has no taxes on non-companies,[228] but authorities have announced plans to levy taxes on junk food and luxury items. The country is situated on a peninsula that extends from the Arabian Peninsula approximately 160 km (99 mi) north into the Persian (Arab) Gulf, it is bordered by Saudi Arabia.Qatar shares maritime borders with Bahrain, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. [32][33] A century later, Ptolemy produced the first known map to depict the peninsula, referring to it as Catara. [129][130] Muslims are not allowed to consume alcohol, and those caught consuming it are liable to flogging or deportation. Laws and decrees proposed by the Council of Ministers are referred to the Advisory Council (Majilis Al Shura) for discussion after which they are submitted to the Emir for ratification. [27][28][29] For its size, Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world, and has been identified as a middle power. Qatar is located on a peninsula on the Arabian Gulf. Security is the principal basis for Qatar's strict entry and immigration rules and regulations.[231]. 1915' [1000] (1155/1782), p. 1001. [116] Codified family law was introduced in 2006. These are salt pans that can be found on the border with the Arabian Peninsula. [101] This has resulted in increased Qatari economic and military ties with Turkey and Iran. [213] The discovery transformed the state's economy. In addition, two Canadian institutions, the College of the North Atlantic (headquarters in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the University of Calgary, have inaugurated campuses in Doha. The average level of elevation in Qatar decreases the further north you travel. [20] In terms of income, the country has the third-highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world,[21] and the sixth-highest GNI per capita (Atlas method). Qatar , at this point in its development, is really just the capital city of Doha, located about half-way along Qatar's east coast. [242] Qatar's total population hit a record high of 2.46 million in November 2015, an increase of 8.5% from the previous year, far exceeding official projections. [137], As a small country with larger neighbours, Qatar seeks to project influence and protect its state and ruling dynasty. This page contains comprehensive information about Doha, including: the map where Doha is located, it’s geographical coordinates, places where banks and ATMs, offices, schools, hospitals, museums, markets, monuments, salons, central park, metro station (if they are), reviews, and more. "Qatar: Historical Background. Qatar is a country that is considered small. [199] Human rights activists praised Qatar's decision. [108] The Emir has the exclusive power to appoint and remove the prime minister and cabinet ministers who, together, constitute the Council of Ministers, which is the supreme executive authority in the country. [214] Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51% of any venture in the Emirate. The Qatari peninsula protrudes 160 kilometres (100 mi) into the Persian Gulf, north of Saudi Arabia. Besides, it has won Airline of the Year in 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2019 due to its outstanding performance and employs more than 46,000 professionals. [231], Qatar's National Vision 2030 has made investment in renewable resources a major goal for the country over the next two decades. Qatar is a strategic ally of China, with relationship between the two countries growing stronger. In fact, only 400,000 of the nation's total population, which is more than 2,500,000, identify as ethnic … Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940, in Dukhan Field. [19], The combined number of South Asians (from the countries of the Indian subcontinent including Sri Lanka) by themselves represent over 1.5 million people (60%) of Qatar's population. [265] This, and several other Qatari museums, like the Arab Museum of Modern Art, falls under the Qatar Museums Authority (QMA) which is led by Sheikha Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the sister of the ruling Emir of the State of Qatar, and the prominent collector and art patron Sheikh Hassan bin Mohammed Al Thani. Qatar's economy was in a downturn from 1982 to 1989. The program encompasses the STEM fields and languages. It has a population of 956,460 (2015). There are currently seven newspapers in circulation in Qatar, with four being published in Arabic and three being published in English. [53] Ships voyaging from Basra to India and China would make stops in Qatar's ports during this period. Qatar allowed coalition troops from Canada to use the country as an airbase to launch aircraft on CAP duty and also permitted air forces from the United States and France to operate in its territories. Qatar ranked number 23 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, unchanged from 2013. [73] However, Qatar was not officially recognised as a British protectorate until 1916. Qatar is expected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup from 21 November to 18 December, becoming the first Arab country to do so. [144], Qatar has mixed relations with its neighbours in the Persian Gulf region. Qatar's National Development Strategy (2011–16) had estimated that the country's population would reach 1.78m in 2013, 1.81m in 2014, 1.84m in 2015 and 1.86m in 2016 – the yearly growth rate being merely 2.1%. However, the bid has been embroiled in much controversy, including allegations of bribery and interference in the investigation of the alleged bribery. [146], In 2014, Qatar's relations with Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates came to a boiling point over Qatar's support for the Muslim Brotherhood[88] and reportedly funding extremist groups in Syria. Qatar is an oil-rich peninsula sharing border with the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia, strategically located near major petroleum deposits. The United Arab Emirates share a border with Qatar in the southeast, and Saudi Arabia borders the State of Qatar in the southwest. [211], In 2008 Qatar launched its National Vision 2030 which highlights environmental development as one of the four main goals for Qatar over the next two decades. State of Qatar", "Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries : 2019 report", "Qatar to use biofuels? [270], Due to the increasing number of Qataris who began receiving formal education during the 1950s and other significant societal changes, 1970 witnessed the introduction of the first short story anthology, and in 1993 the first locally authored novels were published. Therefore, fluctuations in the country's population are erratic and high spikes in population are common. [35] Eventually, after several variations – 'Katr', 'Kattar' and 'Guttur' – the modern derivative Qatar was adopted as the country's name. [279], The music of Qatar is based on Bedouin poetry, song and dance. [71] The Bahraini hostilities were in violation of the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship of 1861. In early 2017, Qatar's total population was 2.6 million, with foreigners making up a vast majority of Qatar's population. SIPRI writes that Qatar's plans to transform and significantly enlarge its armed forces have accelerated. [78] Although Qatar did not gain full independence from the Ottoman Empire, the result of the battle forced a treaty that would later form the basis of Qatar's emerging as an autonomous country within the empire. Language of Qatar 's alliances provides insight into the Persian Gulf, as oud. Technology Park in education city to link those universities with industry the gender balance, accordingly. 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