Title: General history of the things of New Spain: Florentine codex: book 11 -- earthly things. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] 17v.] Paperback. 3r.] They said, “Oh Mexica, let everyone come running, it must be put out, [bring] your water jars!” But when they threw water on it, trying to extinguish it, it blew up all the more. You can’t lie to us, you can’t fool us, , flatter us, , trick us, confuse our vision, distort things for us, blind us, dazzle us, throw mud in our eyes, put muddy hands on our faces. Finally, we are thrilled to have enjoyed the technical genius of Ginny White and generous assistance with space from the Yamada Language Center. 17v.] Inic matlactli omume capitulo: vncan mitoa in quenin Motecuçoma, quioa ce tlacatl vei pilli: yoā oc cequintinmiequintin pipilti in quinnamiquito Españoles: yoan intlein ic tlatlapaloque, inic quitlapaloque Capitan, in itzalan iztactepetl, yoan popocatepetl./. This form, which would be “his rock (inalienable, locative),” is a mistake for “itepeioc,” “his mountain”; Sahagún 1950-1982: 13.2, points out that the Real Palacio manuscript in fact has “itepeyoc.”, [Translation of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] They seemed to babble; what they said to each other was in a babbling tongue. 18v.] In this and in all projects that involve the Nahuatl language, we also wish to acknowledge the inspiration and guidance of Frances Karttunen and R. Joseph Campbell. ", [Transcription of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] Why do you lie to us? 1963 [1975 reprint]. This particular book is about the Spanish invasion of Mexico in 1519 and their eventual consolidation of power in the capital. ". 220. The facsimile images come from the World Digital Library, but the original is held in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence, Italy. Ten years before the arrival of the Spaniards an omen first appeared in the sky, like a flame or tongue of fire, like the light of dawn. [f. The second time he looked in the mirror on the bird, a little later, he saw a multitude of people all coming along together, armed and on horseback. It appeared to be throwing off [sparks] and seemed to pierce the sky. [f. We will see him, we will not fail to gaze on his face and hear his words from his lips."
No nopilhoantzitzin, campa namechnoviquiliz. a mirror, round, circular, seeming to be perforated, where the sky, the stars, and the Fire Drill [constellation] could be seen. And when the water came, they threw it on the fire, but it did not go out; rather, it flamed up more, and thus it was all left in embers. La septima señal o pronostico es que los cazadores de las aues del agua, cazaron vna aue parda, del tanmaño* de vna grulla: y luego fueron a mostrar a Motecuçoma que estaua en vna sala que llamauan Tlillancalmecac, era despues de mediodia tenia Photos of pages from the SAR Archives, SAR Press, Book Projects, Florentine Codex, book 11, part 1, chapter 1 (Earthly Things, left), and book 12, part 3, chapters 31–41 (The Conquest of Mexico, right). 1r.] Auh in iquac necia tlacaoacaia, netenvitecoia, neiçaviloia, tlatemma* ic çan contelchiuhque, atle ipan conittaque ic çanonnenpoliuh in oc çequi in intenamic, in intetlapalol: ic nimā quioalmelauhtivetzque in melaoac vtli. Y dixo que si! Bernardino de Sahagún; transcription of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] --------- This bird had in the middle of its head a round mirror in which appeared the sky and the stars, especially Castor and Pollux, which move close to the Pleiades.
For many people are coming together." Twelfth chapter, where it is said how Moteucçoma sent a great nobleman along with many other noble men to go to meet the Spaniards, and what their gifts of greeting were when they greeted the Captain between Iztactepetl and Popocatepetl. Y dixeronles. Then they went to the Tlillan calmecac to show it to Moteucçoma; the sun was inclining, it was still full day. [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. On top of its head was something like Brandon Preo has done the data entry, matching the Spanish, Nahuatl, and English texts to the images of the pages. Cuix ie te in tiMotecuçoma? [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] *TANMANO. And when it would appear there was an outcry, and people would hit their hands against their mouths as they yelled. When it was seen, there was a great outcry, like the sound of rattles. Reading between the Lines of Book 12 (Kevin Terraciano) Chapter 4. and Cempoalans, their lookouts, who came among them, questioning them secretly. ---------- Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Florentine Codex: Book 12 : Book 12: the Conquest of Mexico by Bernardino de Sahagun (2012, Trade Paperback) at the best online prices at eBay! Ezekiel Stear’s faculty page at Auburn University [f. Published By: Original publisher Sante Fe, New Mexico: The School of American Research and the University of Utah. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] 1v.] The seventh sign or omen is that the hunters of waterfowl caught a dark bird the size of a crane, and then they went to show it to Moteucçoma, who was in a hall that they called Tlillan calmecac. ---------- Capitulo .12. de como Motecuçoma enbio a vno mu* principal suyo con otros muchos principales que fueron a recebir a los españoles y hizieron vn gran presente al capitan en medio de la sierra neuada del** bulcan. Then with insults they dismissed that leader and all, [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. 18r.] [Translation of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] The facsimile images come from the World Digital Library, but the original is held in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence, Italy. The eighth sign or omen is that many times monsters appeared, in monstrous bodies. It was wide below and pointed above; when the fire burned it seemed that the tip of it reached the middle of the sky.
This was after midday. Eagle and Jaguar Warriors, Florentine Codex Book. [Transcription of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] The seventh omen was that once the water folk were hunting or snaring and caught an ash-colored bird, like a crane. que no eres Motecuçoma piensas de engañarnos? Henceforth, inserted n will not be noted. The digital version of the codex is expected to launch in 2021, with an e-book focusing on book 12 … [f. Bernardino de Sahagún; transcription of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] Que no era el, que era vn principal suyo que se llama, tzioacpupuca! This is Book 12, Chapter 12 of the Florentine Codex, also known as the General History of the Things of New Spain. Then they went straight back the direct way [to Mexico]. La octava señal o pronóstico es que aparecieron muchas veces monstruos, en cuerpos monstruosos. A viceroy (like a governor) ruled New Spain on behalf of the King of Spain. all the building’s beams. It was said that it was struck when the sun was shining, nor was thunder heard. The Florentine Codex is divided by subject area into twelve books and includes over 2,000 illustrations drawn by Nahua artists in the sixteenth century. The sixth sign or omen is that in the night air the voice of a woman was heard, saying, "O my children, we are about to be lost." O hijos mios donde os lleuare. 2v.] First chapter, where it is said that before the Spaniards came here to this land, and before the people who live here were known, there appeared and were seen signs and omens. Early Nahuatl Library, Stephanie Wood, editor. Auh in teucuitlapanitl quihiiauhtivitze, quitlatlavitzotivitze, quimoottititivitze, iuhq̓uin tlapopoloca, in tlein quimolhuia in popolochcopa. Early Nahuatl Library, Stephanie Wood, editor. Initially funded in part by the Seaver Institute, the Florentine Codex Initiative recently received additional funding of nearly $2 million from the J. Paul Getty Trust. It had a long tail, which reached a great distance. esta ave, en medio de la cabeza, un espejo redondo, donde se parecía el cielo y las estrellas y especialmente los astillejos que andan cerca de las cabrillas, como vio esto Motecuzoma espantose. Brandon Preo has done the data entry, matching the Spanish, Nahuatl, and English texts to the images of the pages. Appendix to the Fifth Book 1. The fifth sign or omen was that the sea [lake] of Mexico rose up with great waves. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. For "en." For gold was what they greatly thirsted for; they were gluttonous for it, starved for it, piggishly wanting it. She cried out loudly at night, saying, “Oh my children, we are about to go forever.” Sometimes she said, “Oh my children, where am I to take you?” The 16th century codex was created, in part, during a pandemic. que era el Motecuçoma: y dixeronle. ---------- This is Book 12, Chapter 1 of the Florentine Codex, also known as the General History of the Things of New Spain. They started to the west and ran toward the east; they went along casting off sparks. Book One describes in detail the gods of the Aztec people, including Uitzilopochtli, Tlatoc, and Quetzalcoatl. It seemed to boil, although there was no wind and it ordinarily never rises without strong winds. [f. This particular book is about the Spanish invasion of Mexico in 1519 and their eventual consolidation of power in the capital. agua; y venida el agua, echauanla sobre el fuego, y no se apagaua; sino antes mas se encendia; y asi se hizo todo brasa. in aciticac ilhuicatl, vel ilhuicaiollotitech aciticac, in iuh ittoia vmpa tlapcopa: in oalmoquetzaia, oiuh onquiz ioalnepantla in necia tlatviliaia, ipan tlatvia, q’n iehoatl quioalpoloaia in tonatiuh, in iquac oalquiçaia: vel ce xivitl in oalmoquetzaia (ipan matlactli omume calli in peuh). The people were also terrified, debating the news among themselves. Cinteotl and Quetzalcoatl are closely identified. For "Tlaxcaltecas. Capitulo primero de las señales y pronosticos que aparecieron antes que los Españoles viniesen a esta tierra ni vuiese noticia dellos. **TLALCALTECAS. It reached the foundations of the houses; it flooded them, and they collapsed. La sesta señal o pronostico es que se oya, en el ayre de noche, vna voz de muger: que dezia. Initially funded in part by the Seaver Institute, the Florentine Codex Initiative recently received additional funding of nearly $2 million from the J. Paul Getty Trust. Su concessione del MiBAC E' vietata ogni ulteriore riproduzione con qualsiasi mezzo." *MU. The Florentine Codex, a unique manuscript dating from 1577 preserved in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence, is for the first time available online in digital format, the Library of Congress announced today. After a translation mistake, it was given the name "Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España". ixquich calquavitl: niman ie ic tlacaoaca, quitoa. Ten years before the Spaniards came to this land there appeared in the sky something marvelous and frightful. Created by a collaborative project between Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, a Franciscan friar, and the indigenous Nahua, the name of the Aztec people, the Codextells of Nahua history, religious beliefs, and culture in their ow… From Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 12, Chapter Nine (Mexica) [When he heard from his emissaries about how powerful the Spaniards were], Moctezuma was frightened and filled with terror, not knowing what would happen to the city. [f. This is Book 12, Chapter 1 of the Florentine Codex, also known as the General History of the Things of New Spain. Bernardino de Sahagún; transcription of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:]
*ES. The eighth omen was that many times people appeared, thistle-people with two heads but one body; they took them to the Tlillan calmecac and showed them to Moteucçoma. Do you think we are a lot of simpletons? [f. Free shipping for many products! The word is inadvertently repeated in the manuscript. [Translation of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] *CUINOÇO. For "a esta. First Chapter, of the signs and omens that appeared before the Spaniards came to this land or had been heard of. They departed from Mexico and came up against the Spaniards between the two mountains, that is, the snowy peak and the volcano. They said, “It is not that one, oh our lords. Inin tzioacpopocatzin, quimixiptlatica in Motecuçomatzin: For "muy." Y luego Motecuzoma mandó llamar a los agureros y adivinos, y preguntolos no sebeis que es esto que he visto? [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. When Moteucçoma learned that the Spaniards had departed from Cholula and were on their way toward Mexico, he immediately dispatched one of his leaders, the most important in his court, called Tzihuacpopoca, and many other leaders with him, and many other people, to go to receive the Spaniards, and he gave them a present of gold to take.
The team associated with the Wired Humanities Projects wishes to acknowledge the many contributors who are donating their transcriptions and translations to this Early Nahuatl Library, and especially James Lockhart, who bequeathed his research notes to us with the intention of having much of this material digitized. The fifth omen was that the water [of the lake] boiled up; it was not the wind that caused it. It bubbled and made exploding sounds, rising high in the air. The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún.Sahagún originally titled it: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: the Universal History of the Things of New Spain). For "astillejos. Thereupon Moteucçoma named and sent the noble men and a great many other agents of his, with Tzihuacpopocatzin as their leader, to go meet [Cortés] between Popocatepetl and Iztactepetl, at Quauhtechcac. Florentine Codex is a set of 12 books created under the supervision of Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún between approximately 1540 and 1576. Read "cuix noço. *DESTA. The second omen that happened here in Mexico was that of its own accord the house of the devil Huitzilopochtli, what they call his mountain, named Tlacateccan, burned and flared up; no one set fire to it, it just took fire itself. The Nahua authors and artists deliberately placed this image at the beginning of the book to foreground their underlying argument: the treacherous attack and ensuing war on Tenochtitlan, the Mexica capital, and the sister city Tlatelolco were unjustified. After a translation mistake, it was given the name Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. **ITEIOC. From Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 12, Chapter 29 (Mexica) Here it is told how, at the time the Spaniards left Mexico, there came an illness of pustules of which many Mexicas died; it was called "the great rash" [smallpox]. And when they saw Tzihuacpopocatzin, they said, “Is this one then Moteucçoma?” They said it to the Tlaxcalans Y antes que respondiesen los adivinos, desapareció el ave y no respondieron nada. [Transcription of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] [Transcription of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:]
*SENAL. The Florentine Codex is divided by subject area into twelve books and includes over 2,000 illustrations drawn by Nahua artists in the sixteenth century. When the fire was seen, the wooden pillars were already burning. When it appeared at midnight, all the people would shout and take fright; everyone suspected that it was a sign of some great evil. The Florentine Codex has 12 sections on subjects such as the gods and ceremonies; creation, soothsayers, omens, prayers and theology, the Sun, Moon, and stars and the calendar, kings and lords, merchants, peoples, earthly things (animals, plants, metals, stones, colors), and the conquest of Mexico. Like monkeys they grabbed the gold. They were shocked by it because there was no rain except a drizzle, and lightning does not usually strike when it rains in this fashion. [f. Inic matlactetl omume amoxtli, itechpa tlatoa inquenin muchiuh iauiotl in nican ipan altepetl Mexico. Book Nine begins with how commerce grew in Mexico from the trade of only feathers to jewelry, precious stones, animal skins, embroidered clothing, and … los que con el avian ydo y ellos se boluieron a mexico y contaron a Motecuçoma lo que avian pasado con los españoles. The sixth omen was that many times a woman would be heard going along weeping and shouting. La quinta señal o pronostico fue, que se leuanto la mar de Mexico: con grandes olas parecia que heruia sin hazer ayre ninguno la qual nūca se suele leuantar, sin gran vieto llegaron las olas muy lexos y entraron entre las casas, algunas casas cayeron, fue grande el espanto de todos por ver, que sin ayre se auia de tal manera ēbrauecido el agua. There are no discussion topics on this book yet.
20, 297 p., 64 plates ill. Palat. This particular book is about the Spanish invasion of Mexico in 1519 and their eventual consolidation of power in the capital. For "tamaño."
Sometimes she said, "O my children, where am I to take you?" Engravings in Diego de Valadés’s Rhetorica Christiana. On the Reception of the Florentine Codex: The First Italian Translation (Ida Giovanna Rao) Chapter 3. The insertion of a syllable-final n is rarer in this text than the omission of one, but in Nahuatl writing in general it is a very common phenomenon. This library has given us permission to reproduce the images here, with the request that we state: "Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Ms. Med. Read “tlatemmachoia.” See Sahagún 1950-1982: 13.2. They took them to Moteucçoma, and after he had seen them in his lodging, called Tlillan calmecac, they immediately disappeared. [Even] before the Spaniards appeared to us, an illness broke out, a sickness of pustules. You aren't Moteucçoma. *OMMOTZCALO. You can't deceive us. O hijos mios, ya nos perdemos: algunas vezes dezia. When he had seen them, they disappeared. Nahuatl and Spanish texts appear side by side, and are accompanied by the image of Malintzin translating (described above). ---------- And when they had given the things to them, they seemed to smile, to rejoice and be very happy. Inic macuiltetl tetzavitl: poçon in atl, amoiehecatl quipoçonalti, iuhquin momomoloca, iuhquin xixittemomoloca, cenca veca in ia, inic macoquetz: auhin calli tzitzintla cacic, auh capapachiuh, xixitin in calli: iehoatl in vei atl totlan mani nican mexico. When dawn came, then the sun on coming out effaced it. Florentine Codex: Book 12: Book 12: The Conquest of Mexico (Volume 12) (Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain) Bernardino de Sahagun. It was just a building of straw at the temple complex of Xiuhteuctli, called Tzonmolco. James Lockhart has provided us with his transcription of the Nahuatl and its translation to English. y despues preguntaron al mismo principal si era el Motecuçoma? For "señal." Ca nehoatl in namotechiuhcauh in niMotecuçoma. It looked as though it reached the very middle
[Standardized transcription of the Spanish by Stephanie Wood:] Then they told him, “Go on with you! [Transcription of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] *MASTELEJOS. Vete de ay que mientes!
quilhuique. [Translation of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] Jessica Acosta ; Colleen Lenahan ; Olivia Marcucci ; 2. [f. A total of 12 books were written. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] The manuscript became part of the collection of the library in Florence at some point after its creation in the late sixteenth century. The Florentine Codex is divided by subject area into twelve books and includes over 2,000 illustrations drawn by Nahua artists in the sixteenth century. James Lockhart has provided us with his transcription of the Nahuatl and its translation to English. For the first time, you can examine digital copies of the Florentine Codices, a series of books that were written by Anonymous Nahuas (anonymous for their protection) in Nahuatl while Fray Bernardino de Sahagun wrote the Spanish part. Chapter 1. First Chapter, which telleth of the white amaryllis 2. ©2000–2018. ---------- [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. Quando supo Motecuçoma que los españoles auia partido de cholula y que yuan camino de mexico, despacho luego a vn principal suyo el mas principal de su corte que se llamaua tzioacpupuca y con el muchos otros principales y otra mucha gente para que fuesen a recebir a los españoles y diolos vn presente de oro que lleuasen. **CHAPITEL. The third omen was that a temple was struck by lightning, hit by a thunderbolt. Possibly the intention here, as in the Spanish version, is that the Spaniards were not known by the local people. Finally, we are thrilled to have enjoyed the technical genius of Ginny White and generous assistance with space from the Yamada Language Center. The satraps [priests] began to shout, saying “O Mexica, come quickly to put out the fire with jars of. Auh niman quinnotz in tlaciuhque, in tlamatinime: quimilhui: Amo anquimati in tlein onoconittac, iuhquin acame moquequetztivitze: auh ie quinanquilizquia, in conittaque, opoliuh, aoctle quitoque. This is the currently selected item. O Mexicanos venid presto a apagar el fuego con cantaros de [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. 2r.] Where will he go? The fourth omen was that while the sun was still out a comet fell, in three parts. cuinoço* tlallan quiquetzaz yiovi, cuix cana ca tepetl coionqui yitic calaquiz Then there was an outcry. ", [Transcription of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] Forms related to itzcalli have the meaning “high” as well as “sideways, inclined.”. The reason it was taken for an omen was that it was not raining hard, just drizzling. The second sign that occurred was that the ornamented pillar of a cu [temple] of Huitzilopochtli, called Tlacateccan, miraculously took fire and burned. $40.00. 17r., cont.] This lasted for a year, every night, beginning in Twelve House. [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. Auh nimā quilhuique. [f. *ÇAN. Partieronse de mexico y toparonse con los españoles entre las dos sierras que es la sierra neuada: y el bulcan. Auh in oquimōmacaque iuhquin yixvetzca, cenca papaqui, ahavia, iuhquin cooçomatzitzquia in teucuitlatl, iuhquin vncan motlatlalia, iuhquin iiztaia, iuhqn cecelia yiollo: canel iehoatl in cenca camiqui, quipoçaoa, quiteucivi, quipitzonequi in teucuitlatl. The waves reached a great distance and came in among the houses, shaking their foundations, and some houses fell. It would rise, [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. Moteucçoma exists; he will not be able to hide from us, he will not be able to find refuge. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:]
The omission of the tilde, probably a phenomenon of speech as well as of orthography, is quite common in the text and will not be noted henceforth. 18r.] Bernardino de Sahagún; transcription of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:]
It was not until the lat… During his first years in New Spain, Sahagún prepared for the creation o… The strange story of how Sahugún’s manuscript wound up in Italy and came to be known as the Florentine Codex— the most important source of material on the Aztecs. ©2000–2018. To Learn More Websites. There they received them and gave them the present of gold that they brought, and according to the external signs that the Indians saw in the Spaniards, it seemed to them that they were pleased and greatly rejoiced over the gold, for they held it in great esteem. Auh in Motecuçoma: nimā ie ic quimonioa, quimonixquetza in pipilti, quiniacana in tzioacpopocatzin, yoan oc ceq’ntin cenca miequintin itechiuhcaoan cōnamiquito, intzalan in popocatepetl, yoan iztactepetl, vncan in quauhtechcac, quimōmacaque teucuitlapanitl, quetzalpanitl, yoā teucuitlacozcatl. The team associated with the Wired Humanities Projects wishes to acknowledge the many contributors who are donating their transcriptions and translations to this Early Nahuatl Library, and especially James Lockhart, who bequeathed his research notes to us with the intention of having much of this material digitized. Que no! [Translation of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:] We are going to see him and hear what he tells us." La octaua señal o pronostico es que aparecieron muchas vezes mostruos, en cuerpos mostruosos. [Translation of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr. [f. Florentine Codex: Book 12: Book 12: The Conquest of Mexico (Volume 12) (Florentine Codex: General… by Bernardino de Sahagun Paperback $33.06 In … The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún.Sahagún originally titled it: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain). People were taken aback, they lamented. in the east, right after midnight, and it came out with such splendor that it seemed to be daytime; it continued until morning, then it was lost from view. Llevábanlos a Motecuzoma y en viéndolos el en su aposento que se llamaba Tlilancalmecac luego desparecían. ---------- [f. Perhaps, however, the phrase “in nicā chaneque” is an implicit dative: “[the Spaniards] were not known [to] the people who live here.”, [Translation of the Nahuatl (right-hand column) by James Lockhart:]
Bernardino de Sahagún; transcription of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] This is Tzihuacpopocatzin, who is representing Moteucçoma.” [The Spaniards] said to him, “Are you then Moteucçoma?” He said, “I am your agent Moteucçoma.” This is Book 12, Chapter 12 of the Florentine Codex, also known as the General History of the Things of New Spain. Auh in iquac oquittaque Tzioacpopocatzin: quitoque. It is not you. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] La tercera señal o pronostico fue, cayo un rrayo sobre el cu, de xiuhtecutli dios del fuego; el qual estaua techado con paja llamauase tzūmulco; espantarōse desto porque no lluuia, sino agua menuda que no suele caer rayos quādo ansi llueue, ni vuo tronido; sino que no saben como se encendio. Images in Translation: A Codex "Muy Historiado" (Jeanette Favrot Peterson) Chapter 2.
The Florentine Codex, or the Historia general de las cosas de nueva España (General History of the Things of New Spain), is a unique manuscript from the earliest years of Spanish dominance in the New World. Inic nauhtetl tetzavitl; oc vnca in tonatiuh in xivitl vetz ieteietia, vmpa oalpeuh in tonatiuh icalaquiampa; auh vmpa itztia in iquiçaianpa, iuhqui in tlesuchitli pipixauhtiuh, veca mocuitlapiltitiuh, veca acitiuh in icuitlapil: auh in oittoc cēca tlacaoacac, iuhquin oiovalli ōmoman. Bernardino de Sahagún; transcription of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] y la segunda vez que miró en el espejo que tenía el ave de allí a un poco muchedumbre de gente yunta que venían todos armados encima de caballos. Remembering the Toxcatl Massacre: The Beginning of the End of Aztec Supremacy. [Translation of the Spanish (left-hand column) by James Lockhart:] Mexicae ma vallatotoca, tlaceviloz, amaapilol: auh in iquac caatequiaia, in quiceviznequia, çan ie ilhuice mopitza, aocmovel ceuh, vel tlatlac. This particular book is about the Spanish invasion of Mexico in 1519 and their eventual consolidation of power in the capital. The tongues of flame seemed to come from inside the wooden columns, and when it burned it quickly turned to ashes. Nor was there thunder, so that they do not know how it took fire. As soon as the people saw them, they began a great outcry; a huge noise sounded through the whole district. Anderson and Charles Dibble, following in the tradition of nineteenth-century Mexican scholars Francisco del Paso y Troncoso and Joaquín García Icazbalceta. La segunda senal,* que acontecio, fue que el chapitel** de un cu de vitzilobuchtli que se llamaua Tlacatecca, se encendio milagrosamente, y se quemo: parecia que las llamas del fuego salian de dētro de los maderos de las colunas, y muy de presto se hizo ceniza, quando ardia començaron los satrapas a dar vozes diziendo. Quimoottititivitze, iuhq̓uin tlapopoloca, in the florentine codex book 12, chapter 20, yoā mamalhoaztli if it sprinkling... They took them to Moteucçoma, and people would hit their hands against their mouths as yelled., cenca quimotetzavi in iquac quimittac cicitlaltin, in monstrous bodies himself if he was.. Los que con el avian ydo y ellos se boluieron a Mexico y contaron a Motecuçoma que... A esta tierra ni vuiese noticia dellos I to take you? arrived in Mexico narrow at the temple of! Codex was created, in monstrous bodies the longest in the Spanish ( column! [ transcription of the Nahuatl into Spanish by Fr with the feasts and sacrifices to the and... 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